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(Electrophoresis Equipment Not Required) Today’s cell biology is a fascinating blend of molecular biology, biochemistry, and a variety of traditional disciplines. These fields are integrated into this program in order to introduce students to selected topics in eukaryotic cell biology. In the program, students localize enzymes in plant and animal cells, perform cell fractionation procedures, and study the properties of a specific membrane receptor. Each exercise can be completed in one 3-hour or two 90-minute laboratory sessions. Microscopes, slides, microliter dispensers, small test tubes, tabletop centrifuge, and ethyl alcohol are needed but not provided. 701. Enzyme Cytochemistry The concept that different enzymes are found in different tissues, cell types, and cell organelles is illustrated in this multipart exercise where students use contemporary techniques to localize specific enzymes in cells and tissues. Students are introduced to enzyme cytochemistry in an experiment on the germinating corn seed where they show that peroxidase is produced by the aleurone, a cell layer that surrounds the endosperm. They then characterize the subcellular distribution of peroxidase in giant onion epithelial cells and show that the enzyme resides in the cell wall. In the final experiment of the series, the subcellular distribution of lactate dehydrogenase in chicken erythrocytes is examined where students learn that this enzyme is confined to erythrocyte cytoplasm. 702. Analysis of a Cell-Surface Receptor Chemical signaling between cells in multicellular organisms is frequently mediated by cell-surface receptors. The receptors for neurotransmitters, protein hormones, growth factors, and plant lectins are a few of the many known examples of these important membrane components. In this exercise, students examine the cell location and properties of the receptor for the lectin concanavalin A. In the first experiment of the series, students use a concanavalin A-peroxidase complex in a microscopic assay to show that the specific receptor is found on the surface of their own cheek epithelial cells. In the second part of the exercise, students study the characteristic hemagglutination reaction that is elicited by concanavalin A and learn that the reaction is due to multiple sites for receptor binding on the concanavalin A molecule. It is known that concanavalin A binds selectively to mannose residues on the cell-surface glycoprotein receptor. This specificity is confirmed in the final experiment of the series where students show that mannose but not other sugars inhibit concanavalin A binding and the hemagglutination reaction. This innovative exercise provides a detailed picture of a cell-surface receptor and presents strategies that are used to study this important class of regulatory molecules. Typical results of selected portions of the experiment are shown below. Concanavalin A-Induced Hemagglutination - Mannose + Mannose
Concanavalin A Binding - Mannose +Mannose
The results of EXP 702 show that mannose selectively inhibits the concanavalin A-induced hemagglutination reaction and the binding of concanavalin A to receptors on the surface of cheek epithelial cells. 703. The Cell Nucleus The exercise is introduced with a discussion of observations that were made in the early nineteenth century. Namely, that biological stains often show specific affinity for particular subcellular components. With this information, students use differential staining procedures to identify nuclear and cytoplasmic components in cells from thymus and onion root tip. In the second part of the exercise, cell nuclei are isolated from thymus tissue and their purity assessed by staining techniques. The DNA is isolated from the nuclei by a procedure designed to provide information on the packaging of this macromolecule in the chromosome. The exercise gives students experience with both classical and contemporary techniques, and makes them aware that cell and molecular biology have long histories that can be traced to traditional disciplines. Click here for the contents of the chemical package
Price List - Standard Laboratory Program 7
Individual Experiments The following experiments include chemicals and instruction guides.
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